Dokiman ki tache

Exhibit #1 Council, 2005 CRC, and Election Board – 04-20-2006-1 Instant Runoff Voting Summary of Presentation (Ranked Choice Voting) 1. History of Instant Runoff Voting (IRV) Presented By: 2.IRV: What, How, Why (from presentation by Rob Richie, Executive Director Vermont Secretary of State to N.A.S.S.) The Center for Voting and Democracy 3. Addressing Concerns (The Center is a non-profit, non-partisan organization in Maryland. Its chairman is former Congressman John 4. Contrasting Runoffs and IRV in Florida Anderson, who lives and votes in Fort Lauderdale) Website: www.fairvote.org/irv 5. Recommendations for Legislative Action Brief History of Instant Runoff Voting Plurality Rules • An American invention in 1870 • Early use, including in Florida • International: Australia, Ireland, London But majority prefer A over B • Non-governmental organizations and Winner Robert’s Rules of Order Winner • Rising interest in the United States: San Francisco, Utah, Louisiana Secretary of the State of Vermont: Deborah L. Markowitz Second-Election Runoffs If no candidate receives a majority, all candidates What Is Instant Runoff but the top two are eliminated. A second “runoff” election is conducted between the finalists. Voting (IRV)? Advantages • Method of voting that requires a • Assures majority winner in second election majority to elect a candidate Problems • Determines a majority winner through • Added taxpayer expense for second election instant runoffs using voter preferences • Added candidate expense for runoff until one candidate has a majority • Often lower voter turnout for runoff • Cheaper and more efficient than second • Can be difficult to administer elections because voters go to the polls • Potential compromise candidate could be only once eliminated after first round in big field 1

How IRV Works IRV - Typical Ballot The voter is presented with a list of all Voters Vote Their Declare a Preferences winner candidates and given option of specifying his or her order of choice for candidates. Yes Tally All Ballots Is there a majority The voter may indicate just one choice, or winner? more than one choice. No Ballot for Office Retally Ballots No majority Eliminate lowest candidate IRV- Proposed IRV vs. Runoffs: Step #1 Vermont Ballot Delayed Runoff Instant Runoff This ballot has been tentatively approved by Voters go to the polls Voters go to the polls my elections office for and mark their favorite and mark their favorite use if Vermont passes its candidate on the ballot. candidate as their #1 pending IRV bill. choice. They also can indicate runoff choices by ranking candidates. IRV vs. Runoffs: Step #2 IRV vs. Runoffs: Step #3 Delayed Runoff Instant Runoff Delayed Runoff Instant Runoff If no candidate receives If no candidate receives Candidates resume Skip step 3. a majority, a second a majority, the instant raising money and campaigning. New election is called. runoff ballot count ballots are printed and takes place. polling stations set up again. Voter turnout usually drops. 2

IRV vs. Runoffs: Step #4 IRV vs. Runoffs: Step #5 Delayed Runoff Instant Runoff Delayed Runoff Instant Runoff If your favorite candidate If your favorite candidate The candidate with the The candidate with the advances to runoff, you advances to runoff mark a new ballot for this count, your ballot counts for majority of the votes (of majority of the votes candidate. If your favorite is this candidate again. If your those voting in runoff wins. eliminated, you mark a favorite eliminated, ballot election) wins. ballot for your next choice counts for next choice among runoff candidates. among runoff candidates. Addressing Concerns: Voters and IRV vs. Runoffs: Summary Administrators Can Handle IRV Delayed Runoff Instant Runoff • Low voter error rate where IRV used • Requires tax dollars • Saves tax dollars • Voter education timely with 2004 elections • Extends campaign • One election, not two • Voting equipment vendors are telling • More convenient for jurisdictions they can support IRV • Inconvenient for voters / administrators voters / administrators • One-time costs for transition to IRV still • Lower turnout in • Maximizes turnout in less expensive than one year of runoffs decisive elections decisive election Runoff Election Winners in the Florida Runoffs in Florida: A Few Facts Legislative General Election 1998-2002* • Winners in multi-candidate state primaries are 25 22 very likely to win the general election 17 20 Number of 15 Gen Election Wins • Multi-candidate primaries are not unusual Results 10 7 6 5 2 General Election • With runoffs, frontrunning candidates after the 0 Defeats 0 first primary will sometimes lose 1998 2000 2002 Year • Voter turnout almost always drops significantly in down-ballot races that go to runoffs * In 2002, non-majority winners in primaries 3

Contested Primary Races for Florida Contested Florida Federal and Statewide Legislature Requiring Runoffs 1998-2002* Primaries Requiring Runoffs 1982-2000 (30%) 44.40% 30% 45.00% 22% 38.40% 25% 40.00% 35.00% 28.50% Percent of 20% 14% % of 30.00% 27.30% Contested 15% Contested 22.20% 21.40% 25.00% Primaries 10% Primaries 20.00% 5% Requiring 11.10% 15.00% 0% Runoff 10.00% 1998 2000 2002 5.00% Year 0.00% 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 Number of Races that went to a Runoff: Year 1998 – 9 2000 – 22 2002 – 23* * In 2002, indicates number of plurality winners in primary Average Turnout Decline in Federal and Statewide Runoffs 1982-2000 Average Voter Turnout Decline in National 61% Federal Runoff Elections 1994-2002 70% 48% (1) (8) 60% 47% 50.00% 43% 36% (2) 32% 50% (5) 40.00% 27% (31) 34% (12) Percent 40% (19) 23% (5) 26% 25% Percent 30.00% Turnout 24% 25% (13) 21% (4) (1) Decline 30% (1) 18% (6) Turnout (6) (4) Decline 20.00% 20% 10.00% 10% 0% 0.00% 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 Year Year Multi-Candidate Primaries for Individual Florida Voters: 2000 Suggestions for Legislative Action Democratic Primary Republican Primary US Senate / Sen. 33 / Rep. 22 US House 8 / Rep. 25 • Adopt instant runoff voting for 2004 primaries / Rep. 8 US House 8 / Rep 34 • Adopt instant runoff voting for 2004 federal primaries / Rep. 9 US House 8 / Rep. 40 • Adopt instant runoff voting for special elections to fill / Rep. 10 Sen. 13 / Rep 54 vacancies that otherwise require two voting rounds / Rep. 39 Sen. 13 / Rep 60 • Establish study commission to evaluate instant runoff / Rep. 84 Sen. 13 / Rep 69 voting for 2006 primaries / Rep. 87 Sen. 27 / Rep 74 • Adopt legislation, if needed, to facilitate counties using / Rep. 88 Sen. 27 / Rep 82 instant runoff voting / Rep. 89 Sen. 27 / Rep 83 / Rep. 94 Sen. 39 / Rep. 117 • Adopt legislation to implement instant runoff voting for / Rep. 106 overseas voters in federal, state or local runoffs ____________________ / Rep. 109 ____ = Decided in Runoff / Rep. 118 4

For More Information The Center for Voting and Democracy 6930 Carroll Avenue, Suite 610 Takoma Park, MD 20912 (301) 270-4161 www.fairvote.org/irv 5