Attachment

CITY OF DOVER HISTORIC DISTRICT COMMISSION AGENDA THURSDAY, June 20, 2013 - 3:00 P.M. City Hall – Conference Room ROLL CALL APPROVAL OF AGENDA APPROVAL OF MINUTES OF MEETING on March 21, 2013 COMMUNICATIONS & REPORTS 1. Summary of 2013 Activity a. Summary of Applications 2013 and 2012 b. Summary of Architectural Review Certifications for 2013 2. Update on Discussion - Role and Scope of the Historic District Commission and Historic District OLD BUSINESS 1. Certified Local Government (CLG) Program NEW BUSINESS 1. Report on Historic Preservation Commission Training Session on Design Review held April 27, 2013 at Lewes City Hall 2. 2013-2017 Delaware’s Historic Preservation Plan: Preserving Out Past for a Better Future: http://history.delaware.gov/preservation/planning.shtml ADJOURN THE AGENDA ITEMS MAY NOT BE CONSIDERED IN SEQUENCE. THIS AGENDA IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE TO INCLUDE THE ADDITION OR THE DELETION OF ITEMS, INCLUDING EXECUTIVE SESSION.

Summary of Permit Application with Architectural Review Certification 2013 - Updated Thru 6-1-2013 DATE PERMIT # LOCATION TYPE ACTION ON ARCHITECTURAL NOTES REVIEW CERTIFICATE 1/1/2013 12-1699 406 Federal Street, Biggs Temporary Sign Permit Staff Approval Sign installed for First Friday & Museum Family Movie Night 1/1-1/5/13 and removed. 1/18/2013 12-1700 406 Federal Street, Biggs Temporary Sign Permit Staff Approval Sign installed for Family Movie Museum Night and February Sip&Shop 1/18- 2/2/13 and removed. 1/17/2013 13-77 414 South State Street, Roof Permit Issued without Staff Review Permit appears to be the same as Schmittiger & Rodriguez Permit #13-10 which was reviewed Law Offices by staff. 2/15/2013 12-1701 406 Federal Street, Biggs Temporary Sign Permit Staff Approval Sign installed for Family Movie Museum Night 2/15-3/2 and removed. 2/27/2013 13-43 401 Federal Street, Building Permit - Interior Staff Approval Work on 1st and 2nd Floor Offices - Townshend Building Renovations construction underway. 2/4/2013 13-118 132 West Loockerman Fence Permit Staff Approval per Director Replaced wood fence of Permit #09- Street, Golden Fleece 1634 with decorative black metal fence 7ft. In height. Previous Permit referred to HDC 10/15/2009. Metal fence installed. 2/27/2013 13-211 32 West Loockerman Street Sign Permit - Window Sign Staff Approval Sign installed. Suite 109, Pure Luxury Salon 3/14/2013 12-1560 147 South Governors Sign Permit - Wall Sign Staff Approval Projecting Sign Avenue, A Touch of Glass 3/13/2013 12-1675 501 South State Street, Sign Permit Staff Approval with conditions Post and Panel Sign installed with Christ Church bulb flowers as landscaping. 3/28/2013 13-10 414 South State Street, Roof Permit Staff Approval Replacement of slate roof with a Schmittinger & Rodriguez polymeric slate tile roof. Roof Law Offices completed. 3/4/2013 13-229 202 West Loockerman Temporary Sign Permit Staff Approval "Now Open" signs installed for 60 Street, Bayard Pharmacy days. 3/4/2013 13-234 535 South State Street Roof Permit Issued without Staff Review Existing roof replaced with asphalt shingle roof

Summary of Permit Application with Architectural Review Certification 2013 - Updated Thru 6-1-2013 DATE PERMIT # LOCATION TYPE ACTION ON ARCHITECTURAL NOTES REVIEW CERTIFICATE 3/15/2013 13-248 107 North Street Fence Permit Staff Approval Associated with 22-24 West Loockerman Street project (HI-11- 07 and S-12-20) 3/15/2013 13-249 22-24 West Loockerman Fence Permit HDC Recommendation on ARC; PC Rear Plaza Area Project under Street Approval of ARC; Applications Hi-11- construction. Final Inspections for 07 and S-12-20; Staff issued permit compliance not scheduled yet. 3/15/2013 13-250 22-24 West Loockerman Administrative Building Permit HDC Recommendation on ARC; PC Rear plaza area project is under Street Approval of ARC; Applications of HI- construction. Final Inspections for 11-07 and S-12-20; Staff issued compliance not scheduled yet. permit 3/19/2013 13-265 2 N State Street, Offices of Building Permit - Renovations Staff Approval Renovations to siding, window, & Paradee Financial door on rear addition; only partially visible from public way. Construction underway. 3/15/2013 13-274 235 West Loockerman Building Permit - Interior Staff Approval Tenant space change of use to Street Renovations (walls) retail. Project complete May 2013. 3/14/2013 13-278 231 West Loockerman Sign Permit - Wall & Window Staff Approval Permit issued. Street, Tresses Hair Studio Signs 3/15/2013 13-294 34 South State Street Demolition Permit - Accessory Staff Approval Brick Shed demolished in rear yard Structure near alley after damage by vehicle accident. 3/28/2013 13-322 28 North State Street, Administrative Building Permit Staff Approval as portion of parking Project under construction Wesley College Streetscape lot project impacts a property within Project Phase 1: Parking Lot the Historic District but not visible from public way. Project reviewed under Site Plan S-11-13. 3/27/2013 13-353 406 Federal Street, Biggs Temporary Sign Permit Staff Approval Sign installed for April First Friday Museum 4/4-4/5 and removed. 3/27/2013 13-354 406 Federal Street, Biggs Temporary Sign Permit Staff Approval Sign installed for Hair Affair 4/8- Museum 4/14 and removed. 3/27/2013 13-355 406 Federal Street, Biggs Temporary Sign Permit Staff Approval Sign installed for May First Friday Museum 5/2-5/3 and removed.

Summary of Permit Application with Architectural Review Certification 2013 - Updated Thru 6-1-2013 DATE PERMIT # LOCATION TYPE ACTION ON ARCHITECTURAL NOTES REVIEW CERTIFICATE 3/27/2013 13-356 406 Federal Street, Biggs Temporary Sign Permit Staff Approval Sign to be installed for Museum Museum Gala 5/4-5/18 and removed. 3/27/2013 13-357 406 Federal Street, Biggs Temporary Sign Permit Staff Approval Sign to be installed for June Sip & Museum Shop 6/6-6/7 and removed. 4/24/2013 12-1363 35 Loockerman Plaza, Dover Sign Permit - Wall Sign Staff Approval Sign installed over main entrance Public Library canopy. 4/8/2013 13-285 406 Federal Street, Biggs Building Permit - Phase 3: HDC Recommendation on ARC; Permit issued. Museum Exterior Façade Improvements Application HI-10-09; Permit Issued & Interior Renovations by Staff 5/16/2013 13-449 202 West Loockerman Sign Permit Staff Approval Permit issued. Street, Bayard Pharmacy 5/2/2013 13-455 235 West Loockerman Sign Permit - Wall Sign & Staff Approval Signs being installed. Street, Tommy's Second Window Sign Hand Store 5/2/2013 13-496 501 South State Street, Temporary Sign Permit - Staff Approval Banner attached to existing posts Christ Church Banner behind brick wall for 5/2-6/2. 5/8/2013 13-546 121 South State Street, Building Permit-Door Staff Approval Permit issued. M&T Bank Replacement 5/8/2013 13-582 54 South State Street, Temporary Sign Permit - Staff Approval Sign Installed. For VBS 5/8-6/15. Presbyterian Church Banner 5/16/2013 13-590 315 West Loockerman Building Permit - Roof Staff Approval since using same Replace existing asphalt shingles Street Replacement materials as existing with asphalt shingles. 5/17/2013 13-617 412 West Loockerman Building Permit - Chimney Staff Approval Permit issued. Street Repair 5/14/2013 13-622 9 East Loockerman Street, Building Permit - Soffit and Staff Approval Construction underway. Treadway Towers Fascia Repairs 5/16/2013 13-631 303 West Loockerman Sign Permit - Window Sign Staff Approval Sign installed prior to permit Street, Spiritual Botanical approval - fee doubled. World

Summary of Permit Application with Architectural Review Certification 2013 - Updated Thru 6-1-2013 DATE PERMIT # LOCATION TYPE ACTION ON ARCHITECTURAL NOTES REVIEW CERTIFICATE 13-647 142 West Loockerman Building Permit - Renovations Staff Approval Construction underway to repair Street building corner and exterior wall surface after vehicle accident. 5/21/2013 Replacement in-kind. 5/22/2013 13-678 235 South New Street Administrative Building Permit No Planning Staff Review (Permit Permit issued. - Wall Repair noted as expedited due to emergency repairs.

P r e s e rv i n g o u r P a st for a Better Future D e l awa r e ’ s H i st o r i c P r e s e rvat i o n P l a n , 2013-2017 T he D e l aware D e part m e n t o f S tat e a nd T he D i v i sion of H ist o r i c a l a nd C u lt u ra l A ffairs

STATE OF DELAWARE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT OFFICE OF STATE PLANNING COORDINATION March 27, 2013 Alice H. Guerrant Resource Center Manager Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs 21 the Green Dover, DE 19901 RE: Preserving the Past for a Better Future publication Dear Ms. Guerrant: Thank you for allowing me to review the above reference document, “Preserving our Past for a Better Future.” This publication will go a long way in supporting the Office of State Planning and of course the Delaware Division of Historic and Cultural Affairs in our missions. As stated in the report, all levels of government and private organizations as well as many local groups are very involved in preserving their historic heritage. All 57 municipalities and the 3 counties are different, but alike in the effort to preserve and retain their “character.” The five goals and related strategies, I believe, will be very beneficial to the local jurisdictions when updating and amending comprehensive plans as well as making land use decisions. As State Planning Director, my staff and I sincerely appreciate the information contained in the document as well as the theme of planning and coordination. We look forward to working with you and the staff of the State Historic Preservation Office in the future. Let’s keep the cooperative effort going! Great Job! Sincerely, Constance C. Holland, AICP Office of State Planning Coordination Director Cc: The Honorable Jack Markell, Governor The Honorable Jeff Bullock, Secretary of State Tim Slavin, Director, Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs 122 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. South – Haslet Armory ⋅ Third Floor ⋅ Dover, DE 19901 Phone (302)739‐3090 ⋅ Fax (302) 739‐5661 ⋅ www. stateplanning.delaware.gov

Table of contents i Table of Figures i Acronyms Used ii Introduction 2 Challenges and Opportunities 3 Economic and Demographic Factors Impacting Historic Preservation Programs and Incentives to Identify and Preserve Historic Properties 5 Historic Properties in Delaware 11 Current Knowledge Government-Owned Historic Properties 15 Improving Historic Property information 16 Preservation in Delaware: The Last Five Years 18 Developing the Plan 21 Online Survey Public Meetings 22 Other Outreach 23 The Goal-Setting Working Group 24 Further Reviews and Outreach Historic Preservation Plan: Goals and Strategies 25 Bibliography 30 Appendix I: Meeting the Goals of the 2008-2012 Statewide Preservation Plan 31 Appendix II: Summary of Entities Invited to Public Meetings and to Par- 35 ticipate In the Planning Process, January-March 2012 Appendix III: Goal-Setting Working Group 38 Endnotes 39 Table of Figures Figure 1: Federal Historic Preservation Fund Grants to States (Source, National Park Service) Figure 2: Delaware Population since 1900, with Predicted Growth 4 Figure 3: Number of Cases Reviewed by Year and Source 6 Figure 4: Loss of Farm Land in Delaware over Time 9 Figure 5: Distribution of Historic Properties with Dates by Property Type 12 Figure 6: Housing Units through Time Figure 7: Geographic Distribution of Historic Properties with Dates 13 Figure 8: Cultural and Ethnic Affiliation in Listed Properties 14 Figure 9: Number of Historic Properties Owned by Different Levels of Government

Acronyms Used AASLH American Association of DTCC Delaware Technical and State and Local History Community College ACHP Advisory Council on Historic Preservation FHWA Federal Highways Administration APA American Planning Association FoBA Friends of Bellanca Airfield ASD Archaeological Society of Delaware GIC Government Information Center CLG Certified Local Government HCA Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs CHRIS Cultural and Historical Resource HCA/SHPO Division of Historical and Cultural Information System Affairs, State Historic Preservation Office CRS Cultural Resource Survey IMH Institute of Maritime History DEDO Delaware Economic Development Office MAC Lab Maryland Archaeological DelDOT Delaware Department of Transportation Conservation Laboratory DGS Delaware Genealogical Society NCHS New Castle Historical Society DHS Delaware Historical Society NPS National Park Service DNREC Delaware Department of Natural OMB Delaware Office of Management and Budget Resources and Environmental Control PDI Preservation Delaware, Inc. DNS Delaware Nature Society SAH Society of Architectural Historians DPA Delaware Public Archives SAT Save America’s Treasures DPF Delaware Preservation Fund UDCHAD University of Delaware, Center for DSU Delaware State University Historic Architecture and Design DTC Delaware Teacher Center We thank the Delaware State Review Board for Historic Preservation who over the years has provided expert guidance and perspective on Delaware’s historic preservation needs. We particularly thank the board members for their review and comments on this plan. We also thank all the members of the public who participated in a public workshop and/or answered our on-line survey. Your comments were vital to the development of this plan. And our thanks to the goal-setting working group for their hard work and insights, in taking all the public comments and honing them into a set of goals. ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF SUPPORT This publication has been financed in part with federal funds from the National Park Service, Department of the Interior. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Department of the Interior. NONDISCRIMINATION STATEMENT This program receives Federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, disability or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information, please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20240. Doc. No. 20-06-13-01-01

“Our history is one of Delaware’s greatest assets.” 1 “If we don’t understand the past, we cannot understand the present or the future.”

The national movement to conserve natural and program requires the State Historic Preservation cultural heritage began with the recognition that Officer (SHPO) in each state to produce a state- America’s wasteful use of land, resources, and wide historic preservation plan. In Delaware, the buildings was no longer acceptable or sustainable SHPO is the Director of the Division of Historical for the future. In the late 19th and early 20th centu- and Cultural Affairs (HCA)2 , and the Preservation ries, government agencies were concerned mainly Team of HCA is the State Historic Preservation Of- with the conservation of natural resources, while fice (HCA/SHPO), providing the staff support for private groups saved individual, landmark build- the planning process. ings. In the mid-twentieth century, the federal government passed legislation to create the first na- tionwide governmental program for historic pres- ervation.1 The State of Delaware has participated in this program since 1970. Today, all levels of gov- ernment, statewide organizations, and many local groups are involved in historic preservation and need to work together towards a sustainable future that protects the important reminders of our past. This document sets out the next steps for Delaware to work towards the goals of the broader heritage conservation movement. 2 Preservation in Delaware Started Early The Tunnell-West House in Ocean View, recently saved from demolition and being rehabilitated for • Mrs. Joseph P. Comegys, wife of the Chief Justice of museum use by the Ocean View Historical Society, Delaware, was one of the guiding powers in the Mount Vernon Ladies Association in the late nineteenth century. a successful grassroots effort. • In 1895, a local group, the Friends of Old Drawyers, formed to preserve Old Drawyers Presbyterian Church The goals of national, state, and local preservation north of Odessa. groups are different but complementary. It is nec- essary to plan so that all the preservation partners • Mabel Lloyd Ridgely, an architect and preservationist, was instrumental in saving a number of Dover buildings, work together effectively. By consulting the pub- including the Old State House in 1912. lic and preservationists around Delaware, HCA/ • Louise du Pont Crowninshield, a nationally recognized SHPO staff sought consensus on what was most preservationist, was a founding trustee of the National important to do next, on both the local and state Trust for Historic Preservation in 1949. levels. This does not mean complete agreement on every step, but an understanding of what people see Conservation of cultural heritage does not just as the issues of greatest urgency. Contained in this happen. We – governments, historical societies, plan are the five goals and related strategies that are homeowners, preservationists, historians, genealo- derived from this public process. The preservation gists, businesspeople, and anyone concerned about community needs to communicate these goals to historic places – need to plan our approach to pres- the public, elected officials, government agencies, ervation to ensure that it is carried out with com- and other groups that could affect historic proper- munity support and economic viability. The federal ties by their actions.

Economic and Demographic Factors house or start a business in a historic core or in- deed to adequately maintain the homes or business Impacting Historic Preservation properties that they already own. To understand the factors that have impacted his- toric preservation recently, HCA/SHPO staff exam- A trend which has continued to impact historic ined a broad array of information and measures of preservation is the decreasing level of funding significant trends since 2008 concerning the econ- available from every level of government to support omy, unemployment, population shifts, construc- these efforts The federal government has stopped tion and housing, government spending, agricul- funding both the Preserve America3 and the Save tural and forest preservation, and environmental America’s Treasures (SAT)4 programs, the latter of change. Of the trends that affect historic proper- which funded several projects in Delaware. Recent ties, the most notable change has been the eco- changes to federal transportation programs will nomic downturn. The banking crisis and the reces- likely result in little or no money being allocated sion led to a near suspension of construction starts. to historic preservation enhancement projects and Less construction has meant less direct pressure on scenic byway initiatives by Delaware’s Department historic properties than expected, both in building of Transportation.5 Federal historic preservation demolitions and in destruction of archaeological funding6 for state and local governments has re- sites. However, the poor economy also means that mained flat or increased below the inflation rate. fewer Delawareans can now afford to buy a historic [See Figure 1.] 3 Grants to States Adjusted for Inflation (FY 1969 $) FY 1969 Through FY 2012 50,000 45,000 40,000 35,000 Grants to States ($ ,000) 30,000 Grants To 25,000 States Inflation 20,000 Adjustment (FY 1969 $) 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 1969 1971 19731975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 19931995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Fiscal Year Figure 1: Federal Historic Preservation Fund Grants to States (Source, National Park Service)

The economic downturn also negatively impacted Delaware Population, 1900-2030 human resources in the preservation community. Coupled with state restrictions on hiring, lower 1,100,000 real funding has meant that HCA/SHPO had to 1,000,000 900,000 delay filling vacant positions and lost a position, 800,000 Population which has affected its ability to assist Delaware’s cit- 700,000 600,000 Wilmington izens and to fulfill its mandate to locate, record, and Sussex Co. 500,000 Kent Co. nominate significant historic properties. Delaware’s NCC outside Wilmington 400,000 statewide non-profit, Preservation Delaware, Inc., 300,000 200,000 also lost the funding to support a field representa- 100,000 tive, and has severely impacted its ability to provide 0 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020* on-site assistance to citizens and communities. Year County governments were also not immune from Figure 2: Delaware Population since the problems caused by the economic downturn. 1900, with Predicted Growth Kent County abolished its preservation planner construction again, and the demand for housing position and New Castle County did not imme- permits is beginning to rise statewide. Developers diately fill its preservation planner position when seem to be changing their focus from single-family it became vacant in 2011. Although New Castle residential development to apartment complexes County has assigned a former preservation plan- and large commercial developments. Due to this ner to carry out the duties on a part-time basis, trend, there is some possibility for more sprawl de- the ability of both counties to meet the needs of its velopment, which could lead to an increasing rate citizens has been diminished. Both counties have continued a commitment to historic preservation. of loss of historic buildings and especially archaeo- logical sites in this planning cycle. 4 Kent County maintained its tax credit for historic properties.7 New Castle County continued its his- Given the changes in population focus, Sussex toric zoning and other protections8, working with County, and to some extent, Kent County would be the University of Delaware’s Center for Historic most likely to experience heavier development. The Architecture and Design9 (UDCHAD) to docu- area around the new Route 301 corridor in southern ment historic buildings scheduled for demolition. New Castle County is already planned to be heavily UDCHAD’s archives have become a vital source for understanding the state’s architectural history. Another factor which has impacted historic pres- ervation in Delaware is the level and location of population growth. Despite the recent economic downturn, Delaware’s population continued to grow at a faster rate than predicted in 2000. [See Figure 2.] Sussex County, in particular, contin- ues to attract retired people from other areas due to the lower property taxes, the nearness of the ocean beach, and the absence of a sales tax com- pared to surrounding states, and thus has grown at a faster rate than the other two counties. Recently, Consultant documenting a historic bridge for some stalled residential developments are under DelDOT as part of a Section 106 review.

developed, with a projected new town, White Hall, with some 20,000 inhabitants, for which the Coun- ty has begun to develop a regional wastewater sys- tem. The intensity of the development in this area may result in the loss of prehistoric and historic pe- riod archaeological sites, and in physical loss or loss of setting for a number of significant architectural resources. For example, Achmester, a property list- ed in the National Register for Historic Places,10 is on the County’s wastewater disposal farm, and has been vacant and deteriorating for some years. Programs and Incentives to Identify and Preserve Historic Properties In many ways, the greatest opportunity to influence preservation of historic properties11 has occurred due to federally sponsored, funded, or permitted projects. The required review of federal projects un- der Section 106 of the National Historic Preserva- tion Act of 1966 gives state and local governments 5 SUPPLEMENTAL HISTORIC ARCHITECTURAL EVALUATION OF Example of a report on an archaeological survey produced for federally sponsored projects. POPLAR HALL (CRS# N06199) AND LAMBORN HOUSE (CRS# N00108) GLASGOW TO MT. PLEASANT and the general public a voice in defining what is 138 KV TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECTS PENCADER AND ST. GEORGES HUNDRED significant to Delaware’s past and a role in negoti- NEW CASTLE COUNTY, DELAWARE ating what happens to those significant properties NOVEMBER 2011 during project planning. Most often, such projects have no effect on historic properties, but surveys required by this process have been the major source of new historic property information since the ear- ly 1990s. Rarely, negotiations over projects with an adverse effect on a property lead to conflict among agencies, project proponents, and opposing public groups, such as the recent consultations about the proposed demolition of the Brown Mansion in the Cool Spring Park Historic District in Wilmington. In recent years, the rate of federal project spend- ing that could affect historic properties in Delaware rose sharply as monies to combat the recession were RICHARD GRUBB & ASSOCIATES, INC. increased on the national level. This is evidenced by Cultural Resource Consultants the sudden increase in federal project reviews initi- ated with the HCA/SHPO. While most cases came Example of report on architectural survey from the same agencies that HCA/SHPO has com- produced for federally sponsored projects. monly dealt with in the past, the new funding did

Review Cases by Year 800 700 600 500 # of Cases Total Cases 400 Federal Cases 300 State and Local Cases 200 100 0 1965 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Figure 3: Number of Cases Reviewed by Year and Source 6 sharply increase the number of cases from agencies and new client organizations with little experience with the Section 106 process. The Department of Energy was one such agency. It provided an in- crease in monies to carry out window replacements and other weatherization activities suggested by energy audits, as well as solar energy and wind tur- bine projects. Such activities can have serious ef- fects on historic buildings. With the end of this spe- cial federal funding, the number of project reviews decreased sharply in 2012. [See Figure 3.] Archeological Investigations at Lighting Locations In Delaware, reviews outside of the federal process Proposed for the Old Brick Church and Reith Hall, (represented in figure 3 as “state and local cases”) Dover, Delaware have three main sources: technical assistance to Prepared For state agencies on appropriate treatments for their Bernardon Haber Holloway Architects PC Wilmington, Delaware buildings and sites; discoveries of unmarked hu- By man remains; and cases submitted to the Prelimi- John Milner Associates, Inc. West Chester, Pennsylvania nary Land Use Service (PLUS)12 , a forum to pro- vide all state comments at one time on major land November 2011 use changes within local jurisdictions. HCA/SHPO Example of archaeological testing on state-owned provides information on historic properties or the historic properties.

potential for historic properties within project ar- prevent demolition by neglect. HCA/SHPO review eas and makes recommendations on treatments or of these comprehensive plans provides an excellent avoidance. While not binding on private develop- opportunity to educate local governments on the ers, this forum raises the visibility of historic prop- historic properties within their communities and erties and sometimes opens a dialogue with the de- to encourage them to protect Delaware’s heritage. veloper that leads to preservation of a building or an archaeological site. A number of communities have shown their com- mitment to protecting their heritage by enacting historic zoning requiring review of rehabilitation projects by a local board or commission. Of these, five work with the HCA/SHPO directly through the Certified Local Government program.14 An- other way HCA is reaching out to local communi- ties is through its Affiliates Program.15 It now part- ners with small museums and historical societies to assist them in historical and interpretative exhibit development, which includes some opportunities for public outreach on preservation topics. Pre- Archeological Testing serve America,16 a federal program administered on The Green in New Castle, New Castle County, Delaware by the Advisory Council for Historic Preservation prepared for (ACHP), has recognized three Delaware communi- Bernardon Haber Holloway, Architects PC Wilmington, Delaware ties for their efforts to preserve their cultural and 7 State of Delaware Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs Dover, Delaware natural assets, most recently, the City of Dover. Other programs that incorporate preservation val- by John Milner Associates, Inc. West Chester, Pennsylvania ues are the Main Street and Downtown Delaware March 2011 programs, administered by the Delaware Economic Development Office (DEDO),17 and a number of communities also participate in these programs. DelDOT’s Byway Program is another tool com- Example of archaeological testing on state-owned munities use to develop heritage tourism. Its goal historic properties. is to get visitors off the main highways and on to back roads to see the unique experiences Delaware Additionally, local governments must update their has to offer. Groups develop a byway nomination comprehensive land-use plans every five years. As that inventories, analyzes, and identifies the impor- required by state law,13 each plan must include a tant intrinsic qualities of the byway; and, once the section addressing historic preservation, and sub- byway is approved, then write a Corridor Manage- mit it to PLUS for state review. The attention paid to ment Plan which takes the qualities identified in historic preservation in these plans varies greatly, the nomination and develops a strategy to preserve depending on how much economic benefit the lo- and protect them. A unique project in the Delaware cal government sees in heritage protection. New Byway program, the Harriet Tubman Underground Castle County, for example, has begun implement- Railroad Byway is a multi-state byway focused on ing of a proposal in its latest comprehensive land- the experience of Harriet Tubman, the hero and use plan to institute measures to encourage ap- symbol of the Underground Railroad. Historic sites propriate maintenance of historic buildings and to associated with her life18 are being recognized by

the National Park Service. Byways will link these a way for many to afford necessary building main- sites to immerse travelers in this important aspect tenance, and it is increasingly used now for smaller of history. This byway began in Maryland19 where projects. Non-profits who own historic properties its leg was designated an All American Road by may rehabilitate their properties and then sell the the U.S. Department of Transportation. Delaware’s tax credits to raise much needed funds. Over the leg of the byway is ready to apply for similar sta- past five years, almost $16.5 million in historic tus once the USDOT again takes nominations. The preservation tax credits has been awarded to 12 re- Corridor Management Plan for Delaware’s leg20 habilitation projects carried out by developers, 39 was completed in 2012. The next stage will bring projects carried out by homeowners, and 10 proj- together the stakeholders into a formal byway ects carried out by non-taxpaying entities who then management entity that will implement the plan’s transferred their assigned tax credits. strategies, coordinating the efforts of different part- ners to preserve, maintain, and enhance the intrin- Increasing use of the tax credits reflects the efforts sic resources which enhance the visitor experience of HCA/SHPO and Preservation Delaware, along the byway. Inc. (PDI),21 during this past planning cycle to advertise the availability of the tax credit program and encourage homeowners in the many historic districts around the state to take this opportunity. Staff of both organizations gave workshops around the state, to meet Goal III of the 2008 plan, improving the public’s access to information about historic properties and available programs. Because of the tax credit, interest by property own- 8 ers in nominating their properties to the National Register of Historic Places is very high. To meet these needs, HCA/SHPO staff initiated a program to train owners and historical organizations on re- search methods, assist with technical issues, and complete final editing and submittal of the nomi- nation to the National Park Service (NPS). Cover of the Corridor Management Plan for the Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway. One significant success of the last five years was the extension of the state historic tax credit22 for anoth- er ten years. The large developer projects of the first years of this program have disappeared, as banks have curtailed lending drastically. For homeowners 300 Harmony St, New Castle, after rehabilitation and small property holders, the tax credit provides using state preservation tax credit.

Another source of funding for historic rehabilita- ful program has preserved the highest percentage tion projects is the Delaware Preservation Fund of land area per state nationwide. Recently, another (DPF)23 , which provides small grants and a loan 65 farms were added to the permanently preserved program. Among the historic properties assisted by land, making a total of more than 110,800 acres this fund were the Zwaanendael Club in Lewes and preserved by the Agricultural Lands Preservation the Schoonover Studios in Wilmington. Foundation. The recession has also drastically re- duced the conversion of farmland to residential Statewide, the preservation of open space24 and the and commercial uses. Despite this, less than half of involvement of environmental organizations in land the land that was once farmed is still in agricultural protections that benefit historic preservation have use. [See Figure 4.] continued. Agricultural land preservation helps preserve Delaware’s most common type of historic There are a number of other organizations work- landscape, the family farm. The economy’s down- ing to protect open space and historic properties in turn has meant that more farmers were willing to Delaware. The Sussex County Land Trust26 in con- enroll their farms in Agricultural Preservation Dis- junction with the Sussex County government pur- tricts and sell easements on their farms and forest chased the National Register-listed Cannon-Mas- lands at historically low prices. This Delaware De- ton House and associated farm land, near Seaford. partment of Agriculture program25 directly affects Delaware Greenways27 works with trail and scenic the preservation of archaeological sites and can im- byway organizations on their projects, which pro- prove the preservation of historic farm buildings by vide opportunities for preservation and interpreta- providing financial resources and appreciation for tion of many historic properties around the state. maintaining their useful life. This highly success- The Penn Farm, part of the urban land trust of the 9 % of State in Farm Land 100.00% 90.00% 80.00% 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% % of state in farmland 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% 1850 1870 1890 1910 1930 1954 1974 1992 2006 2008 2010 Figure 4: Loss of Farm Land in Delaware over Time

Trustees of the New Castle Common and a National levels of water and the increasing heights of storm Register-listed property is being rehabilitated and surges. Currently, a project to protect certain areas the farm used for community farm projects, which from sea-level rise is investigating a sample of these will bring a new group of people to learn about this structures. important historic property. The Delaware Nature Society28 has un- PA dertaken new programs at Dayett Mill and at Buena Vista, in partner- State Historic Sites ship with HCA. These organizations Within are providing new opportunities for 1.0 meter Scenario heritage tourism around the state. Legend NJ Historic Sites In recent years, planning for sea- Sites per sq mi level rise has provided a forum to 1 make people aware of the gradual loss of land and properties over 2-4 this coming century. Archaeologi- 5 - 10 cal sites of the prehistoric period 11 - 60 and the early historic period will County Boundary be disproportionally impacted by Major Road sea-level rise in Delaware, includ- Municipalities ing sites listed as part of the Lower St. Jones Neck Historic District and the Cape Henlopen Archaeologi- 10 cal District. In addition, a number of areas near the Delaware River and Bay have never been surveyed for archaeological sites but have a high potential for them. A number of National-Register listed districts and individual historic buildings are also immediately threatened, MD including the New Castle Historic District, Fort Delaware, Delaware City Historic District, and the Lew- es Historic District. Because Delaware has always had low-lying areas subject to flooding, people have historically built dykes 0 5 10 µ 15 to control flooding and provide Miles arable land from marshes. These Source: Delaware State Historic Preservation Office, CRS Inventory, unpublished. structures are now under threat, be- Historic properties threatened by sea-level rise, 1.0 meter scenario; cause they have to be strengthened based on data available at the time (courtesy of Delaware Coastal and heightened to meet the rising programs, DNREC)

Current Knowledge ies, 20th-century roadside commercial architecture, The HCA/SHPO’s historic proerty files have been objects of any kind, and landform-type structures, generated by many different sources over many such as dykes, mill ponds, and dams. Indeed, sur- decades resulting in inconsistences in the level of vey forms for objects, landscapes, and larger struc- information on historic properties. These sources tures were only devised in the early 1990s. One included volunteer organizations such as town his- comprehensive survey of outdoor art objects was torical societies, the Archaeological Society of Del- done in the 1990s by Delaware State University, but aware (ASD), and the Wilmington Woman’s Club. the historic sculptures have still not been fully inte- Then, in the 1970s and 1980s, the state conducted grated into the historic property inventory system. many comprehensive architectural and archaeolog- Because of the previous focus on the earlier re- ical surveys. Volunteer groups tend to look for the earliest and the best in the built environment. The ASD was heavily biased towards prehistoric-period sites, although they did explore some very early historic-period sites in Sussex County. The state funded both prehistoric-period and historic-period archaeological surveys in various parts of the state, but due to the labor-intensive methods needed for such surveys, only a small portion of the state had 11 been surveyed by the time funding for SHPO sur- vey substantially declined. However, most of the state was surveyed for buildings dating before 1945 by the early 1990s. Separate surveys for bridges and state-owned buildings were also undertaken. These surveys led to a number of National Register nominations. While the earliest ones tended to be for the earliest and best architectural examples, as more community surveys were done, more nomi- nations for historic towns and neighborhoods were included. Some archaeological sites were also nom- inated, including two large districts. In the 1980s, a number of historic contexts were developed, both as part of nominations and as separate documents, Caesar Rodney Equestrian Statue, designed to provide guidance on locating and evaluating cer- by James E. Kelley, 1915; listed in the National tain kinds of properties. However, in recent years, Register of Historic Places as part of the Rodney little comprehensive survey has been undertaken, Square Historic District, August 10, 2011. leaving most survey being done through individual projects. sources of the state, one large bias in what we know about our historic properties is in buildings con- There are major gaps in our knowledge about a va- structed after 1940. A recent survey done for a large riety of property types, including historic cemeter- transportation corridor project identified over 1000

new properties, virtually all Type of Properties by Date Range of which dated to the 20th century, and many of which 4000 dated after 1940. 3500 The majority of properties 3000 that have known dates29 were built in the last half of the # of Properties 2500 19th century and the first half Building 2000 of the 20th century. [See Fig- Site ure 5.] This reflects the natu- 1500 Structure ral attrition through time 1000 Object of buildings and structures from the 17th through the 500 first half of the 19 century, th 0 and the greatly increased 17th c. 18th c. 1st half 2nd half 1st half 2nd half 19th c. 19th c. 20th c. 20th c. numbers of buildings from Date Range later time periods as Dela- ware’s population rose. In- formation on housing units, Figure 5: Distribution of Historic Properties with Dates by Property Type first recorded in the 1940 census, give an approxi- Figure 7.] First, the greatest number of earlier prop- mation of this increase in buildings, although hous- erties is found in New Castle County outside of the ing units do not equate exactly to buildings nor do they include commercial buildings. [See Figure 6.] City of Wilmington, and second, Sussex County has the greatest number of properties from the 20th 12 According to StateMaster.com, in 2004 only 10% of century. While in part this difference results from residential buildings in Delaware were built before the fact that New Castle County’s population has 1940.30 always outnumbered that of the other two counties, a major factor is simply that many more historic Examining these same buildings and structures buildings in New Castle County were constructed geographically reveals two interesting trends. [See of brick or stone. In Sussex County, where most of the historic buildings are of tim- Housing Units, Delaware ber construction, fewer properties 400,000 have survived from the 18th and 19th centuries. The City of Wilm- 350,000 ington has its highest number of 300,000 Total Units buildings and structures from the 250,000 1, detached late 19th century, reflecting the ma- 200,000 1, attached jor boom period of Wilmington’s 150,000 2 to 4 history, when the junction of rail 5 or more transport, water transport, and in- 100,000 dustrial investment caused the city Mobile home 50,000 to grow at very high rates. 0 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Figure 6: Housing Units Through Time

Since comprehensive archae- ological survey was elimi- Geographic Distribution by Date Range nated from HCA/SHPO’s budget in the early 1990s, 1200 the majority of archaeo- logical surveys are under- 1000 taken for federally funded or sponsored projects. This 800 # of Properties New Castle haphazard approach fails to Wilmington provide a balanced, broad 600 Kent perspective of the patterning Sussex of site locations and cultural 400 context, and makes the ap- propriate evaluation of such 200 sites more difficult. Agencies are generally constrained by 0 their project budgets and 17th c. 18th c. 1st half 2nd half 1st half 2nd half cannot undertake broad- 19th c. 19th c. 20th c. 20th c. based context development. Date Range However, new approaches to alternative mitigation for ar- Figure 7: Geographic Distribution of Historic Properties with Dates chaeological sites are being 13 considered by DelDOT. The unexpectedly large number of late 17th-century to early 19th-century archaeological sites along a highway cor- ridor has created an oppor- tunity to use some mitiga- tion monies to fund context development rather than excavating every site fully. Among the proposals are the production of a com- prehensive historic context to better predict the loca- tion of early historic-period sites; a historic context on African-American settle- ment in St. George’s Hun- dred; and a study on iden- View of archaeologists beginning data recovery work at the Houston tifying and determining the LeCompt site, with poster informing public about site’s history and function of sites from the archaeology; one of the many archaeological sites discovered along Revolutionary War period the new Route 301 corridor. in central Delaware.

project areas and sometimes Properties Listed in the National now hire archaeological Register with Cultural/Ethnic Affiliation consultants to look specifi- cally for family cemeteries. Native American 20th c. HCA/SHPO has also insti- tuted a project to document African American 19th-20th c. the locations of historic Welsh Settlement 18th c. cemeteries statewide. Near- ly 500 cemeteries and grave English Settlement 17th-18th c. locations, including church, Swedish Settlement 17th c. commercial, community or- ganization, and family cem- Dutch Settlement 17th c. eteries, are have located to Native American pre-1600 date. In addition, an archae- ological consultant has pro- 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 duced a historic context and Figure 8: Cultural and Ethnic Affiliation of Listed Properties predictive model for family cemeteries as part of a Sec- If they are initiated, these studies will greatly as- tion 106 project. These steps have resulted in fewer sist future work on historic properties associated human burials being accidentally disturbed during with ethnic or cultural groups. Currently, less than project construction. Certain remains from several one percent of listed historic properties identify early historic sites that have not been claimed by particular affiliations with specific groups. [See Figure 8.] While many more properties related to 14 prehistoric Native Americans have been identified (nearly 4,000 sites total), there has been little inter- est in pursuing nominations for significant sites, either because land-owning agencies find the ex- pense of evaluation-level archaeological testing too great, or because the sites are within project areas where they are excavated prior to being destroyed by construction. A concentration of properties as- sociated with the Lenape Indian Tribe of Delaware has been identified around the Town of Cheswold, but more work is needed to determine which prop- erties could be nominated. Currently, there is a Marker for reburial of the Collins-Jackson family nomination being prepared on an African-Amer- remains, discovered and removed from the original ican school, church, and camp meeting in Sussex burial site during DelDOT’s Rt.113 project. County, the first one focused on African Americans since 2002. next of kin are now being examined by the Smith- sonian Institute and the University of Montana to Because Delaware state law provides protections determine origin, and health and demographic is- for unmarked human remains, developers have sues, to add to the historic context on early histor- become very concerned about the delays and costs ic-period archaeological sites. incurred by encountering such remains in their

Government-Owned # of Historic Properies Historic Properties by Public Owners 700 Governments in Delaware own a significant num- ber of historic properties of all types, including 600 buildings, structures, sites, and objects. Federal 500 # of Properties agencies own nearly 50 National Register-listed 400 properties in Delaware, and state and local agen- Not NR 300 cies each own over 500 listed properties, includ- NR 200 ing town halls, museums, airplane hangars, dwell- ings, bridges, archaeological sites, parks, and state 100 boundary monuments. [See Figure 9.] Govern- 0 ments have a responsibility to maintain these prop- Federal State Local erties, but often the resources are not available to Level of Government accomplish this. When such properties are vacant, Figure 9: Number of Historic Properties such as Kingston-Upon Hull, an 18th-century build- Owned by Different Levels of Government ing in a state wildlife refuge, they typically deterio- rate due to water infiltration and vandalism. When Another issue is that state agencies do not always such properties are still in use, lack of awareness of know that their properties are historic because the appropriate manner to rehabilitate these build- many publically owned properties have not yet been ings can lead to modernization that results in loss evaluated. For example, while there are a number of National Register-listed schools, 15 a state-owned buildings survey in the 1990s identified a number of other, potentially eligible schools. Lack of funding has prevented any systematic approach to actually listing these properties, although currently there are two groups interested in devel- oping nominations for indi- vidual schools. In the 1980s, The Town of Leipsic wanted to replace DNREC conducted system- the deteriorating windows on the atic surveys and produced historic school that serves as its Town management plans for all Hall, using U.S. Department of Energy state-owned parks, identi- funding. After discussions and on-site meetings with the SHPO, the Town fying and testing a number replaced the windows with modern ones with muntins and the same sash of prehistoric and historic- widths, that replicate the historic look of the school. period archaeological sites. of historic features such as windows and doors in However, recent staff cutbacks at their agency have the name of energy efficiency. For example, win- made it difficult to adequately monitor all of the his- dow changes in the Town of Leipsic’s Town Hall, a toric properties located in the parks or to update the historic school, were proposed and carried out for plans as new state park lands are added. In addition, energy efficiency. they have not been able to pursue National Register listing for identified historic buildings and sites.

Federal agencies who own properties in Delaware eration for National Register eligibility. In this plan- have generally been diligent in undertaking their ning period, properties built by 1967 will meet this survey responsibilities under Section 110 of the criterion. Agencies will need more time and money National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. US to perform surveys in densely built-up areas from Fish and Wildlife Service has completed surveys of the mid-20th century. Delaware’s historic context on both the Bombay Hook and the Prime Hook wild- suburbanization only dealt partially with this later life refuges in recent years, and the Dover Air Force period and should be updated to assist in evaluat- Base has inventoried and evaluated all buildings ing these suburban landscapes. on the base or owned by the base and is gradually completing an archaeological evaluation of sites. Nationally, the issue of under-represented groups Because of the comprehensive surveys carried out in states’ historic properties inventories is receiving by the HCA/SHPO earlier, most local governments more attention. In Delaware, prehistoric archaeo- have some knowledge of the historic properties they logical sites are well represented in the state’s inven- own. However, a number of municipalities in Sus- tory, and buildings associated with Native Ameri- sex County still need such surveys. cans in the historic period have been fairly well identified and those associated with the Nanticoke Improving Historic Indian community are listed in the National Regis- Property Information ter. However, only one archaeological site associat- ed with historic-period Native Americans has been One of the greatest challenges facing our state is the definitely located. A historic context for Native increasing number of suburban developments and Americans living within European-based society houses that will meet the 50-year-old age criterion is needed, with appropriate methods suggested for set by the National Park Service (NPS) for consid- locating and identifying such sites. While a number of properties associated with African-Americans 16 have been listed in the National Register, the num- ber is not really commensurate with the numbers of African-Americans that have lived in Delaware over time. More survey needs to be done to further identify surviving African-American settlements in accordance with the historic context already de- veloped, but some attention also needs to be given to determining how to identify archaeological sites associated with enslaved and free African-Ameri- cans. Appropriate maintenance and treatment of historic buildings owned by state and local governments is a recurring issue, given the tight budgets of recent years. While HCA has been successful in obtaining special legislative funding to rehabilitate its major museum buildings, the New Castle Court House and the Old State House, other state agencies are Green Acres, one of the many suburbs of the not as successful. Local agencies are even more 1950s that need to be surveyed and evaluated constrained. A reliable funding stream for on-go- for their historic significance ing maintenance needs to be developed.

continue. A separate mapping layer for cemeter- ies and burials in HCA/SHPO’s Cultural and His- torical Resource Information System31 (CHRIS), a mapping portal available on-line, or other ap- propriate venue needs to be developed, incor- porating data from HCA/SHPO, the Delaware Genealogical Society, DNREC, and the Office of Vital Statistics. Also in the next five years, CHRIS will need to be re-developed and re-deployed, as the soft- ware it is based on is out of date. This provides 21 The Green under scaffolding for windows an opportunity to consider changes to the sys- restoration, masonry cleaning, and painting tem and how information is presented, but will project. require funding above the HCA/SHPO’s normal A number of municipalities in Sussex County still budget. In addition, the data need to be fully de- have not had a comprehensive historic property veloped, with completed mapping and scans of survey. National Register nominations based on inventory forms, survey reports, and other kinds surveys carried out in communities throughout of information posted. the state before 1990 are in serious need of revi- sion to bring them up to current standards. Lim- ited funding in recent years has meant that grants 17 for such projects have been available only to Certi- fied Local Governments (CLGs), which generally have already had compre- hensive surveys of their communities. One mu- nicipality lacking a survey, Ocean View, recently paid for a survey and evaluation of its town because of its citizens’ interest, leading to the National Register-list- ing of its former town hall, now its historical society’s museum. While there have been few recent cases where un- marked human remains were encountered, HCA/ The Hudson Cemetery, one of the many small family cemeteries SHPO’s efforts to locate found throughout Delaware that are now abandoned and overgrown. family cemeteries need to Tombstones and burials, wherever found, are protected in state law.

Five years ago, the previous preservation plan en- titled Planning for the Past: Preserving Delaware’s Guiding Principles Heritage32 presented two guiding principles, four Planning gives preservationists an opportunity to goals, and numerous strategies for furthering periodically re-examine, re-think, and revise our historic preservation in the state. Through indi- approaches. While the strategies may change, public meetings and surveys have shown that these guiding principles are still vidual initiatives and partnerships, the preserva- at the heart of preservation in the First State. tion community has achieved some significant outcomes in spite of the economic difficulties that • Principle 1: Protect Delaware’s important historic properties. have challenged us. • Principle 2: Communicate widely the value of preserving Some of the major accomplishments in historic properties to Delaware’s present and future. property rehabilitation since January 2008 • Parts of the 300, 400, and 500 blocks of Mar- • The Grand Opera House36 in Wilmington ket Street in Wilmington through private and the George Read II House37 in New Cas- development utilizing state and federal tax tle, with assistance of federal Save America’s credits, including the Queen Theater,33 a Treasures (SAT) grants. property which had been closed and vacant • A number of HCA-owned properties state- for more than 50 years. wide38, including the Felix Darley House in • The Amtrak Train Station, a Frank Furness- designed building in Wilmington. Claymont, the Old Academy in New Castle, Buena Vista near New Castle, 15 and 21 The 18 • The John Bell House on the Green in Dover, Green in Dover, and the Old Sussex County with state funding, as an anchor for the First Courthouse in Georgtown. State Heritage Park34. Other important accomplishments in • The Nemours Mansion and Garden 35 near Wilmington, a private museum. preservation that took place between • The Kent County Courthouse in Dover, for 2008 and 2012 are: continued use by the courts. • The level of knowledge about archaeology of the early historic period was substantially ex- panded by excavations on a number of sites along the proposed Route 301 corridor.39 • Delaware Byways40 were established for the City of Lewes, Western Sussex, and the Under- ground Railroad in Kent and Sussex counties. • The Delaware History Trail,41 using smart phone technology to document locations vis- ited was developed by the Delaware Tourism Office; it includes a number of HCA-owned properties and other National Register-listed The John Bell house on the Green and the Kent properties. County Courthouse after rehabilitation • The Lightship Overfalls42 in Lewes was des-

ignated as a National Historic Landmark in Additional ways in which the specific goals and 2011.43 In addition, the ship was refurbished, a strategies contained in the 2008-2012 preservation secure birth was constructed, and a park link- plan have been met are outlined in Appendix I. The ing it to the City of Lewes was created, in part appendix also includes other actions that did not through a Save America’s Treasures (SAT) grant. meet specific strategies but furthered historic pres- ervation in the state. View of 18th-century, stone-lined cellar hole being excavated, from the Elkins A Site, one of several Preservation Delaware workshop training significant historic archaeological sites excavated homeowners and others on appropriate along the Route 301 corridor. 19 • The City of Dover was designated a Preserve rehabilitation and maintenance techniques, September 2011. Photo courtesy of Preservation America community in 2009,44 and the Do- Delaware, Inc. ver Green was recognized by the American Planning Association as a Great Place in While we have had many successes in addressing America: Public Space. the goals and strategies, there have been some un- successful attempts to fulfill strategies and some • HCA received an Award of Merit for their losses of historic properties. restoration projects at the Old State House and the New Castle Courthouse from the On the local government level, an effort was made American Association of State and Local to establish a demolition ordinance in Sussex History (AASLH) as part of the Saving Our County but this effort has so far been unsuccessful Capitols Initiative in 2008. (2008 Plan Goal I.1). The State would benefit from • The New Castle Historical Society (NCHS) better coordination between HCA and other agen- presented its Bamberger Preservation Award cies that hold historic properties (2008 Plan Goal to HCA in 2008 for the New Castle Court- I.2). Although HCA has been working to develop house restoration project and in 2009 for the partnerships with local historical groups, there is a Old Academy restoration project. need to improve communications among historic • Buildings of Delaware by W. Barksdale May- preservation groups (2008 Plan Goal IV.2). Finally, nard, the first comprehensive history of ar- there was no commitment to creating an inclusive chitecture in Delaware, and a part of the written strategy for the protection of historic prop- Society of Architectural Historian’s (SAH) erties, and nothing was accomplished related to series called Buildings of the United States,45 that strategy (2008 Plan Goal IV.1). was published in 2008.

A number of buildings have been lost over the last five years, but the one that was highest in the minds of those who came to the public workshops was the Murphy House, located north of Wilmington. The building was thought to be protected by a preser- vation covenant from the Delaware Department of Transportation (DelDOT), but this was set aside and the building was demolished in 2011. Acciden- tal fires have been responsible for some other sig- nificant losses including those that destroyed parts of Cannon Hall in Woodland and the locally sig- nificant Georgetown Train Station in Georgetown, both in Sussex County, and the one that led to the demolition of the Governor John Wood Hall House Cannon Hall, at Woodland Ferry, after the in Frederica, Kent County. The owner of the Rum- 2010 fire. sey House near Middletown in New Castle County vacated and then demolished this National Regis- ter-listed building. N00544 20 Cannon Hall, at Woodland Ferry, roof being repaired, 2013. The preservation community needs to find effec- tive ways to improve the opportunities for saving Delaware’s cultural heritage. Buildings continue to be threatened. The economic downturn removes some buildings from active use, placing them at risk, while other buildings and sites may be demol- ished as development begins again. The Episcopal diocese decided to close the Cathedral Church of St. John in Wilmington, for example; it is up for sale and its future is uncertain. Since the fire at Cannon Hall, Preservation Delaware, Inc. (PDI) has worked with the owner and prospective purchasers to try Report on the Murphy House, prepared for and craft a solution to save as much of the historic New Castle County as part of the demolition building as possible, but the outcome of these ef- permit, 2011 forts is still uncertain

Online Survey Roland, a realtor specializing in historic properties, both included it in their e-newsletters. It was also Technology has changed the way we interact with posted extensively through blogging and social me- one another and in an effort to reach out to more dia such as Facebook and Twitter. people, the HCA/SHPO created an electronic sur- vey that posed a series of questions related to his- There were 287 respondents to the survey, most of toric preservation in Delaware. This included a whom clearly expressed a positive attitude towards number of questions on what “preservation” means preservation. Because there were so few respon- to the respondents and how they feel about Dela- dents with a negative attitude towards preserva- ware’s historic places, the challenges and threats to tion, the survey results, although valid, should not historic places, and the best strategies and tools to be viewed as representative of the broad public. address issues affecting these places. After a feature article about the survey in the HCA e-newsletter, Most Respondents indicated strong a link to it was posted on HCA’s front web page for two months. A flyer advertising the survey was agreement with the following statements: emailed to each local government and to numerous • Historic places are important in educating organizations throughout the state. (See Appendix children about our past. II.) Preservation Delaware, Inc. (PDI) and Carolyn • Delaware’s historic places provide a sense of place to our communities and add to our 21 Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs 21 The Green, Dover, DE 19901 302-736-7400 quality of life. E-mail: preservationplan@state.de.us • Historic preservation is an important part of planning and deserves government support. • With appropriate planning, historic preser- vation and economic preservation are com- patible goals. • Historic museums and heritage tourism are important to Delaware’s economy. The greatest challenges or threats to We are updating the historic preservation plan for Delaware. preservation in Delaware identified by What is important to you about Delaware’s historic buildings, archaeological sites, and landscapes? Take the on-line the respondents are: survey and let us know. https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/DelawarePreservationPlan • Lack of financial incentives and economic tools. • Neglect or abandonment of older buildings. • Growth and development pressure (sprawl). See the current historic preservation plan: http://history.delaware.gov/pdfs/2008preser • Lack of public understanding about the rel- vationplan.pdf evancy of historic preservation values. This activity has been financed in part with federal funds from the National Park Service, Department of the Interior. However, the contents • Need for preservation education and training. and opinions do not ecessarily reflect the views and policies of the Department of the Interior. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U.S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, disability or age in its federally assisted programs. To report possible discrimination, please contact: Office of Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20240. Preservation Survey Flyer

The best strategies or tools to address is- sues affecting historic places identified by the respondents are: • Increased public education. • Availability of low interest loans for rehabili- tation. • Income tax credits for rehabilitation projects • Building codes which recognize historical and archaeological properties. • Local zoning codes which recognize historical Members from the community participate in a and archaeological properties. public preservation planning meeting at the Old State House in Dover The vast majority of the respondents were between The workshops began with an introduction and the ages of 45 and 65 with little response from background on the planning process by HCA/ those under 25. Although pleased with the overall SHPO staff which was followed by a moderated response, HCA/SHPO had hoped that the online brainstorming session consisting of three questions medium and the outreach through social network- to which each attendee was asked to respond. The ing might spur more response from those under 35, goal of the questions was to elicit what was on peo- as they are more attuned to technology. It will be ples’ minds and what was important to them with important, over the next five years, to seek ways to regard to preservation in Delaware. Attendees then reach out to this to age group. prioritized the responses to the questions so that there was a consensus on the most important issues 22 Public Meetings raised at each meeting. HCA/SHPO obtained additional input through a more traditional approach by holding five moder- When asked what “preservation” meant ated public meetings throughout the state. As with to them, attendees had three main the survey, a flyer was prepared to advertise the recurrent themes: dates and times of the meeting. The flyer was dis- • Preserving a historic structure. tributed to each local government and to business, historical, and preservation organizations through- • Preserving the story surrounding a structure out the state (see Appendix II for list) and also (whether or not the structure was preserved). advertised through the HCA newsletter and web • Preserving artifacts from inside a building, page. The meetings were held over the course of a buried in the ground, or under water. week and a half in locations spread throughout the state. A total of 75 people attended, with turn-outs Attendees were asked to tell us their ranging from 8 in Lewes to 21 in northern New number one preservation issue or Castle County. Four of these meetings were held in concern, either general or relating the evening so that there could be broad public par- to a specific location. The issues and ticipation. A meeting in Dover was held during the concerns that ranked highest were: day, targeted towards those whose professions were aligned with the preservation field. As with the sur- • Threat of losing things that cannot be replaced. vey, the attendees at the public meetings were gen- • Demolition-by-neglect. erally preservation-oriented. • The need for co-existence of old and new.

• Lack of money. • Create alternative preservation incentives • Need for education. that are not reliant on the government’s • Lack of vision and leadership related to limited financial resources. preserving communities and buildings. • Reinvigorate the survey program and • Need for diversification of what is preserved re-survey areas. and who it relates to. • Encourage the HCA Affiliates Program and increase HCA staff presence in community. Attendees were then asked to recom- • Think outside the box – change and re-energize mend strategies for addressing these issues and concerns. The suggested Other Outreach strategies were numerous but those Once the public meetings were complete, a blog was which ranked highest were: posted on HCA’s web page, Blogging Delaware His- • Provide education at all levels about Dela- tory46. The blog summarized the public meeting and ware history and prehistory. survey results and invited further comments. One • Produce legislation that addresses preserva- additional comment was received. View the blog tion issues. here http://history.blogs.delaware.gov/2012/03/29/ 23 Members of the Delaware preservation community meet at Buena Vista Conference Center to establish goals for the Preservation Plan

The Goal-Setting Working Group Further Reviews and Outreach The task of synthesizing all of the above data into a After the recommended goals were developed, the series of goals and strategies fell to a working group report was e-mailed to members of the State Re- made up of twelve members, including the Deputy view Board for Historic Preservation,47 agency State Historic Preservation Officer, three county staff, and other professionals and public meeting planners, two municipal planners, two state land- participants who expressed an interest in review- managing agency planners, and representatives ing drafts. In addition, a blog posted on HCA’s web from the statewide preservation non-profit, the site outlined the proposed goals and provided an archaeological community, and each of the state’s additional opportunity for public comment. Once higher-education preservation programs. (See Ap- a complete draft of the plan was developed, it was pendix III.) Invited but absent were representatives sent to the same list and additional comments were from the Delaware Main Street program, the Office solicited. A blog also announced the availability of of State Planning Coordination, and one of Dela- the draft plan, inviting the public to comment on ware’s advisors to the National Trust for Historic the draft. No comments were received. Preservation. HCA/SHPO provided the working group with the summary data from the survey and public meet- ings as well as charts, tables, and other summaries of demographic, economic, and preservation sta- tistics from the analysis of trends and background information. One noteworthy comment was that the term “historic preservation” was antagonistic to 24 some groups, and that the term “heritage conser- vation” was more appropriate and readily under- standable to the public. Reflected in this document is that heritage conservation is a broad national movement, and where possible we have used this term. However historic preservation is the term used most often in this country and particularly by the federal program. The working group did not propose specific strat- egies to address the public’s comments on lack of funding because the economic downturn has made it unlikely that this type of strategy is accomplish- able in the time frame of this plan. One important outcome of the discussions was a determination to re-convene this working group on a semi-annual basis to monitor how well the state’s preservation community is achieving the goals set for the next five years.

The Guiding Principles developed for the 2008-2012 plan remain our vision for historic preservation in Delaware, and have guided the development of the current plan. The Goal-Setting Working Group devel- oped the goals and strategies outlined in the table below, as well as proposed many of the actions. Those commenting on this plan’s initial draft proposed some additional actions. The actions contained in the table were limited to those reasonably accomplishable within the five-year time frame of this plan (2013- 2017). The expectation is that other actions related to historic preservation will take place during this period. These may, or may not, specifically address a defined strategy listed below. HCA/SHPO will track all actions and will report them during the next update of the plan. Implementation of this plan relies on many preservation partners across the state. HCA/SHPO will lead many actions, and will track measures statewide as they are implemented. The goal-setting work- ing group will become a technical advisory committee for plan implementation and priorities, meeting semi-annually to discuss progress. In the fall of 2016, HCA/SHPO will begin the process of updating and writing a revised plan, for approval by December of 2017. The preservation partners include state agencies with preservation professionals, local government pres- ervation planners, historical societies, preservation and archaeological non-profits, Main Street commu- nities,48 Certified Local Governments,49 universities with preservation and archaeology programs, and historic property museums. These organizations will be generally referred to in the table as historic pres- ervation partners, with specific organizations mentioned that have expressed interest in carrying out or assisting with a specific action. We have chosen not to set up specific time frames for each action below, 25 because they will depend on each partner’s internal priorities and scheduling. Guiding Principle 1: Protect Delaware’s important historic properties Goal I: Encourage all governments to serve as positive models for stewardship of historic properties which they own Strategy Action Lead Agency/Org. 1. Ensure that Determine level of information and need for each government, government agencies and provide inventory of historic properties based on tax records HCA/SHPO and HCA/SHPO Cultural Resource Survey50 (CRS) information. know what historic properties are within Encourage state agencies to nominate their significant historic HCA/SHPO their ownership. properties. Conduct a workshop for local government and agency staff on best practices in historic rehabilitation and maintenance, to assist 2. Encourage them in assessing the condition of their historic properties, and PDI, CLGs developing a plan for their appropriate rehabilitation and on-going the appropriate maintenance, utilizing in-house and available free technical experts. rehabilitation and Share technical information on caring for historic properties, HCA/SHPO, PDI, maintenance of historic including fire prevention and energy-saving approaches, through historic preservation properties within web publication. partners the government’s New Castle County, Expand use of resident curator programs. ownership. DNREC Develop better models for covenants and protections for historic DelDOT, DNREC, HCA/ buildings and archaeological sites under federal project review. SHPO

Goal II: Encourage active participation in historic preservation by all local governments. Strategy Action Lead Agency/Org. Share HCA study on the Delaware tax incentives, through web HCA/SHPO publication. HCA/SHPO, DEDO, Educate local governments on what historic properties are preservation planners, in their jurisdiction (as needed) to ensure the full range of Main Street managers, 1. Educate local properties is addressed in the historic preservation section of Downtown Delaware governments on the comprehensive land-use plans. communities economic, social, and Develop a plan to fund comprehensive survey in municipalities sustainability benefits of PDI, HCA/SHPO, that lack such survey or that have unsurveyed areas of 20th- preservation of historic preservation planners century development. properties. Encourage New Castle County to hire a full-time preservation PDI, historic planner, and Kent County to re-establish its preservation preservation partners planner position. Partner with the League of Local Governments on a workshop PDI, DSU on historic preservation benefits. Compile model demolition regulations and best practices and DSU, UDCHAD, HCA/ publish on the web. SHPO Educate local governments on historic tax credits and 2. Provide local encourage them to make information available to their HCA/SHPO, PDI, DSU governments with constituents. information on available Explore existing architectural salvage programs nationally, and tools for historic preservation. share with local governments. Provide local governments with information on preservation Main Street managers 26 incentives as well as local zoning code provisions that may PDI, HCA/SHPO be disincentives to reusing historic properties; publish information on the web and/or through CLG workshops. 3. Increase the number Continue outreach to local governments with historic zoning HCA/SHPO, PDI, CLGs of local governments to inform them about the program. participating in the CLG Revise the guidance manual for the CLG program to program. HCA/SHPO encourage regular training for CLG commissioners. Provide local elected officials with information on National HCA/SHPO 4. Build support for Register properties located within their constituencies. enacting local incentives Lobby local elected officials for historic preservation and protections. PDI, historic protections to be considered during updating of their preservation partners comprehensive plans. Solicit topics for discussion. PDI, HCA/SHPO 5. Hold regular meetings PDI, HCA/SHPO, Arrange location(s) and meeting schedule, providing for among preservation historic preservation teleconferencing, as needed. commissions, CLGs, and partners professionals, to maintain PDI, HCA/SHPO, CLGs, communication and share Engage participants in discussion, identifying actions and historic preservation information. needs, and following-up as appropriate. partners, historic district commissions

Guiding Principle 2: Communicate widely the value of preserving historic properties to Delaware’s present and future. Goal III: Develop effective collaborations on historic preservation with non-traditional partners. Strategy Action Lead Agency/Org. HCA/SHPO, PDI, Convene a working group to organize and lead the effort to historic preservation identify non-traditional partners.51 partners Identify non-traditional partners, determine how the interests of each non-traditional partner intersects with historic preservation, HCA/SHPO, PDI, historic 1. Identify non-traditional and determine the appropriate places to meet these non- preservation partners partners and determine traditional partners in order to engage them, and share this how to engage them. information with all historic preservation partners. HCA/SHPO, PDI, Meet with non-traditional partners to begin communication on historic preservation historic preservation issues of concern to them. partners Invite local politicians to events sponsored by historic preservation PDI, historic preservation partners. partners 2. Utilize a circuit-rider Discuss issues and opportunities with Office of State Planning HCA/SHPO approach for historic Coordination. preservation on the local Provide technical advice and support for historic preservation to level. HCA/SHPO, DSU local governments and community groups. 27 3. Hold semi-annual meetings with partners, at Organize first meeting and set up schedule. HCA/SHPO different locations around HCA/SHPO, historic the state, to discuss progress. Rotate sponsoring organizations and locations. preservation partners Goal IV: Expand opportunities for public education to increase support for historic preservation. Strategy Action Lead Agency/Org. HCA/SHPO, historic Encourage museums to include historic preservation information property museums, and concerns in their programs. historic preservation partners HCA/SHPO, DEDO, 1. Convey broad outlook Provide preservation information to and encourage expansion of historic preservation of heritage conservation to the Delaware History Trail, utilizing National Register properties. partners public, including its role in DelDOT, UDCHAD, creating a history of place, Encourage the various Scenic Byways management planning DSU, HCA/SHPO, Main community revitalization, groups to include historic preservation information in their Street communities, local conservation of resources, interpretative plans. governments, historic protection of archaeological preservation partners sites, scenic and historic byways, and other issues. DelDOT, UDCHAD, Encourage Scenic Byway management planning groups and Main HCA/SHPO, Main Street Street communities to develop mobile applications which provide communities, historic information on historic properties. preservation partners Explore establishing a Threatened Archaeological Sites Fund, ASD52, HCA/SHPO concentrating initially on areas threatened by sea-level rise.

Strategy Action Lead Agency/Org. Expand web offerings, web videos, blogs, and other uses of HCA/SHPO, PDI, technology as educational tools, and investigate ways to use historic preservation technology to incorporate continuing public input on historic partners properties and preservation issues. Continue public education associated with archaeological and DelDOT, DNREC, HCA/ architectural work for state-sponsored projects. SHPO Develop a historic architectural tour, including a mobile HCA/SHPO, DHS, GIC, application, utilizing National Register properties and Delaware UDCHAD Scenic Byways routes . Continue historical research training for property owners, 2. Identify and utilize HCA/SHPO focusing on researching individual historic properties. effective outlets for conveying information and Continue to expand Affiliates Program, partnering with local interpretation to the public. historical societies and museums to provide assistance with HCA exhibit installation, historical documentation, and facility rehabilitation. Support DEDO’s efforts in establishing and assisting Main Street Historic preservation and Downtown Delaware communities. partners Provide sources of information on preservation techniques and HCA/SHPO methods to Main Street managers. Publicize existing classroom presentations through the Delaware HCA/SHPO, historic Teacher Center. preservation partners Provide teacher in-service programs, coordinated with the HCA/SHPO, DHS 3. Tie stories of historic buildings, structures, Delaware Teacher Center. Explore topics and appropriate sources of funding to develop Historic preservation 28 lesson plans modeled on the NPS program, Teaching with archaeological sites, partners Historic Places. landscapes, and objects to educational goals for Develop a curriculum guide for teachers on historic preservation Historic preservation students. issues, working with Delaware Department of Education Content partners Standards. Continue collaboration on researching the history and DSU, Kent County, HCA/ archaeology of publicly-owned historic properties, for student SHPO, ASD, Sussex and volunteer training. County 4. Encourage establishment of preservation trades instruction at Delaware Explore opportunities for new certificate program for PDI, historic preservation Technical and Community preservation trades at DTCC. partners, DTCC College. Goal V: Maintain and expand access to information about historic properties and preservation. Strategy Action Lead Agency/Org. Re-develop the application for delivering historic property HCA/SHPO 1. Ensure continued information via the web. and expanded web Update and add historic property data from the HCA/SHPO HCA/SHPO access to all historic Research Center through CHRIS53 or its successor. property information. Continue development of cemetery documentation and explore HCA/SHPO, DNREC, web-based or GIS-based mapping DGS

Strategy Action Lead Agency/Org. HCA, PDI, DHS, Create partnerships with organizations that can post information on DelDOT, UDCHAD, the web, and share links to this information. historic preservation partners HCA/SHPO, UDCHAD, Carry out survey in areas with a concentration of 20th-century DSU, preservation buildings. planners Integrate art objects survey information into HCA/SHPO historic HCA/SHPO property survey inventory. Develop historic context on the archaeology and history of African-American settlement in St. Georges Hundred, adding to DelDOT, DSU existing African-American settlement context. 2. Increase information on Delaware’s historic properties Develop priorities for updating nominations written before 1980 HCA/SHPO, UDCHAD, and improve its quality. and begin updating nominations based on current conditions and DSU, preservation modern nomination standards. planners Expand the suburbanization historic context to include housing developments dating after 1940 and commercial development UDCHAD, HCA/SHPO statewide. Explore opportunities to develop historic contexts and/or HCA/SHPO, UDCHAD, nominations for other identified needs (post-contact Native DSU, preservation American settlement, town districts, African-American planners resources, etc.). 3. Hold semi-annual 29 meetings with partners, at Explore partnerships with the Maryland Historical Trust and different locations around nearby universities. HCA/SHPO, historic preservation partners the state, to discuss progress.

Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. Measuring the Economics of Preservation: Recent Findings. 2011. (http://www.achp.gov/docs/economic-impacts-of-historic-preservation-study.pdf) Delaware Department of Agriculture. Delaware Agricultural Lands Preservation Foundation. Current Situation Report for March 21, 2012. Accessed April 12, 2012. (/) Delaware Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs, “Planning for the Past: Preserving Delaware’s Heritage,” 2008. (http://www.achp.gov/docs/economic-impacts-of-historic-preservation-study.pdf) Encyclopedia Britannica Kids, “Mabel Lloyd Ridgely.” Article accessed August 6, 2012. (http://kids. britannica.com/comptons/article-9334591/Mabel-Lloyd-Ridgely) Historical Society of Delaware. “Mabel Lloyd Ridgely, 1872-1962.” 2001; article accessed August 6, 2012. (http://www.dehistory.org/Women_Suffragist_Ridgely.htm) Maloney, Ann Marie. The Delaware Historic Preservation Tax Credit Program: Restoring History and Communities. 2009. (http://history.delaware.gov/pdfs/maloneyReport.pdf) National Park Service. Grants to States Adjusted for Inflation (FY 1969 $). Spreadsheet and graph provided March 15, 2012. (http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/hpg/state_reports.html) Northeast-Midwest Institute. Gross Domestic Product for Delaware; Federal Spending in Delaware; Delaware State Economic Data. Accessed March 20, 2012. (http://nemw.org/) Rypkema, Donovan D. and Caroline Cheong. The Delaware Historic Preservation Tax Credit Program: 30 Good for the Economy, Good for the Environment, Good for Delaware’s Future. 2012. (http://www. preservationnation.org/information-center/economics-of-revitalization/rehabilitation-tax-credits/ additional-resources/Rypkema-Report-on-Delaware-Tax-Credit-2010.pdf) StateMaster.com. Accessed 12/17/2012. (http://www.statemaster.com/state/DE-delaware/hou-housing) Tyler, Norman. Historic Preservation: An Introduction to Its History, Principles, and Practice. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc. 2000 (1994). U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census. DP-1: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010. Accessed March 20, 2012. (http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/10000lk.html) U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis. Real Total Gross Domestic Product by State for Delaware. Accessed March 20, 2012. (http://finance-data.com/series/DERGSP) U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Selected BLS Economic Indicators: Dover. Accessed March 22, 2012. (http://www.bls.gov/ro3/ro3_de.htm) U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Selected BLS Economic Indicators: Wilmington. Accessed March 22, 2012. (http://www.bls.gov/ro3/ro3_de.htm) U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Unemployment Rates by County in Delaware, December 2011. Accessed March 22, 2012. (http://www.bls.gov/ro3/ro3_de.htm) Wikipedia. “Louise E. du Pont Chrowninshield.” Article accessed August 6, 2012. (http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Louise_E._du_Pont_Crowninshield)

The goals and strategies in the 2008-2012 plan were: I. Provide better protection for historic properties within the jurisdictions of local governments 1. Implement the historic preservation sections within local governments’ approved comprehensive plans 2. Improve local demolition regulations to include consideration for historic properties 3. Obtain special funding for local governments’ historic property initiatives II. Improve state-wide laws and regulations affecting historic properties 1. Extend the state tax credit for historic properties for 10 years 2. Protect state-owned historic buildings III. Improve public and professional access to information regarding historic properties in Delaware and to technical and general historic preservation information 1. Provide 24-hour, seven-days-per-week access to historic property information 2. Develop four other online informational resources 31 3. Present five workshops to targeted audiences on specific topics identified in public comments or surveys of need 4. Publish five new printed materials on specific topics to a targeted audience 5. Produce materials for the use of teachers and other educators IV. Develop effective collaboration among the historic preservation community in acting to preserve Delaware’s historic properties 1. Develop an inclusive written strategy for the protection of threatened properties 2. Develop and sustain broad means of communication among historic preservation groups Below is a list of accomplishments of the last five years which specifically met a strategy in the plan, the tar- geted area, the agencies/organizations involved, and the plan goal and strategy met. At the end of the table, we have also included preservation accomplishments that did not meet a specific strategy but benefited historic properties or general historic preservation in the state. Lead Agency/ Goal/ Accomplishment Location Organization Strategy HCA/SHPO reviewed and commented on all local comprehensive plans to identify historic preservation needs through the Preliminary Land Statewide HCA/SHPO I.1 Use Process (PLUS). Kent County partnered with DSU to carry out archaeological Kent County, identification survey of Wildcat, Hunntown, and Forest Landing (in Lebanon DSU, ASD, I.3 progress). HCA/SHPO

Lead Agency/ Goal/ Accomplishment Location Organization Strategy Cannon-Maston House and Middleford North Preserve, which were Sussex County, threatened by development, were saved through purchase by Sussex Seaford Sussex County I.3 County and Sussex County Land Trust. Land Trust A new Main Street Program was established in Milford; Commercial District Affiliate Program begun with nine participating municipalities; Local Govern- Statewide I.3 Newark and Rehoboth Beach received Great American Main Street ments, DEDO Awards.54 Assisted by CLG grant funding, Milton surveyed portions of the town Local Govern- Milton I.3 located outside its local historic zone. ments, DEDO Assisted by CLG funding, Wilmington initiated multi-year property sur- Wilmington, Wilmington I.3 vey north of Concord Boulevard. HCA/SHPO New Castle Assisted by CLG grant funding, New Castle County, under contract with New Castle County, HCA/ I.3 UDCHAD, documented over 15 threatened historic buildings. County SHPO The historic community of Lewes received an SAT grant to create a park Lewes Lewes, NPS I.3 along the Lewes and Rehoboth Canal. Scenic by-ways were established for the City of Lewes, Western Sussex DelDOT, Kent Kent and Sussex and the Underground Railroad as part of DelDOT’s Delaware Byway’s and Sussex Coun- I.3 Counties program. ties The Delaware Historic Preservation Tax Credit Program55 was re-autho- Statewide HCA/SHPO II.1 rized to spur rehabilitation of historic buildings. Over $13.8 million in Delaware Historic Preservation Tax Credits were assigned to owners of historic properties. Statewide HCA/SHPO II.1 32 The First State Heritage Park, a park without boundaries, was estab- 56 lished in Dover, centered in the Dover Green Historic District and inter- Dover DNREC, HCA II.2 preting Dover’s buildings and history. HCA prepared condition assessments for all of its historic properties. Statewide HCA II.2 The State of Delaware rehabilitated the historic Kent County Courthouse (OMB and the John Bell House, the oldest extant frame building in Do- Dover OMB, DNREC II.2 ver (DNREC). HCA carried out major rehabilitations/restorations of a number of their properties and received awards for the Old State House, the New Castle Statewide HCA II.2 Courthouse, and the Old Academy from the NCHS and the AASLH. CHRIS,57 a GIS-based web mapping portal to provide online access to Statewide HCA/SHPO III.1 historic property data for the public, was launched. Digital mapping of historic properties in most Delaware hundreds was Statewide HCA/SHPO III.1 posted on CHRIS. Mobile phone applications to provide location and historic information HCA/SHPO, GIC, on National Register-listed properties open to the public and on historic Statewide DelDOT, UD- III.1 property information along scenic byways is under development. CHAD HCA launched Facebook pages and developed YouTube videos on their Statewide HCA III.2 historic properties open to the public. A Delaware History Trail program was established and information Statewide DEDO58 III.2 posted on the web by Delaware Tourism. A monthly HCA e-newsletter featuring history and preservation-related Statewide HCA III.2 articles was launched in 2008.

Lead Agency/ Goal/ Accomplishment Location Organization Strategy Presentations on the state tax credit program were held in Wilmington, City of New Castle, City of Delaware City, Middletown, Smyrna, Milton, Statewide HCA/SHPO III.3 Lewes, and Laurel. PDI sponsored an “Adventures in Preservation” Workshop to repair the New Castle PDI, FofBA59 III.3 windows of the Bellanca Airfield Hangar. Through CLG grant funding, a Preservation Law Workshop to afford PDI, HCA/SHPO, training for local commissioners and the legal community was held in Statewide Widener Law III.3 2012. School Through CLG grant funding, several workshops were conducted to pro- HCA/SHPO, vide training for local government commissioners including the Nation- Statewide CLGs, PDI, III.3 al Alliance of Preservation Commissions Commission Assistance and NAPC Mentoring Program (CAMP). The HCA/SHPO sponsored an annual symposium on early colonial ar- Delaware Valley HCA/SHPO III.3 cheology, which was first inaugurated in 2008. region HCA/SHPO sponsored a workshop on Embracing the 20th Century. Statewide HCA/SHPO III.3 DHS, PDI, Dela- Historic Window Repair workshops were held at the Read House and New Castle, ware City, III.3 again in New Castle and through CLG grant funding, at Delaware City. Delaware City HCA/SHPO The ASD conducted archaeological excavation Avery’s Rest near Re- Rehoboth Beach ASD, HCA/SHPO III.3 hoboth, which included training workshops for volunteers. Rehoboth HCA/SHPO, HCA/SHPO prepared a traveling exhibit on Avery’s Rest archaeology for 33 Beach, Lewes, ASD, Local His- III.4 which the publication of an exhibit catalog is pending. New Castle torical Societies Buildings of Delaware by W. Barksdale Maynard, a comprehensive histo- ry of Delaware buildings, was published as part of the SAH series Build- Statewide Author, SAH III.4 ings of the United States. Two reports demonstrating the effectiveness of the Delaware Historic Statewide HCA/SHPO III.4 Preservation Tax Credit Program were published. The Delaware Historical Society published a new book on the Read New Castle DHS III.4 House and Gardens. Masters programs in historic preservation60 were established (UD- Statewide UDCHAD, DSU III.5 CHAD) or re-established (DSU). Delaware Nature Society developed and implemented educational pro- Newark HCA, DNS III.5 gramming at Cooch-Dayett Mill and Buena Vista.61 In-service programs for teachers on Exploring Delaware’s History First Statewide HCA/SHPO, DTC III.5 Hand were presented by HCA/SHPO staff. A Brick Learning Wall to instruct on brick patterning and design was Newark UDCHAD III.5 constructed on the UD campus. HCA launched an Affiliates Program to work with history and heritage- Statewide HCA and others IV.2 based organizations in communities throughout Delaware. Lewes, New HCA/SHPO initiated projects to study the archaeology of early Swedish HCA/SHPO, IMH Castle, Wilm- and Dutch settlements. and others ington HCA/SHPO and UDCHAD coordinated with Sea-Level Rise Planning DNREC, HCA/ Committee and local governments on historic properties potentially af- Statewide SHPO, fected by the projected rise in sea level. UDCHAD

Lead Agency/ Goal/ Accomplishment Location Organization Strategy Amtrak completed major rehabilitation project on its Wilmington Train Wilmington Amtrak III.3 Station. NPS awarded SAT grants to the Grand Opera House in Wilmington and Wilmington NPS, Grand Op- III.3 the George Read II House in New Castle to fund rehabilitation work. New Castle era House, DHS Completed major restoration of the privately-held Nemours Mansion New Castle Nemours III.3 and Gardens. County Foundation The City of Dover was designated as a Preserve America community, Dover, ACHP, and also the Dover Green as a great public space by the American Plan- Dover III.3 APA ning Association. The Lightship Overfalls was designated a National Historic Landmark, Overfalls Lewes III.3 and after a major refurbishment re-opened as a private museum. Foundation Northern Delaware Greenway Trail was completed providing protection New Castle Delaware III.3 for a number of significant historic properties and archaeological sites. County Greenways The level of knowledge about archaeology of the early historic period Middletown was substantially expanded by excavations on a number of sites along DelDOT, FHWA III.3 area the proposed Route 301 corridor. HCA/SHPO, Delaware artifact data published on web as part of MAC Lab database Statewide III.3 MAC Lab 34

Archaeological associations: • Statewide (Archaeological Society of Delaware) Architectural organizations: • Statewide (American Institute of Architects, Delaware Chapter) Arts organizations: • Museums (Delaware Art Museum, Biggs Museum of American Art) • Groups (Newark Arts Alliance, and Friends of the Schwartz Theater) Business organizations: • Statewide (Delaware State Chamber of Commerce, the Delaware Community Foundation) • Local (New Castle County Community Partnership, the Committee of 100) Consultants: (80 companies with staff who are 36 CFR 61 qualified) County and municipal historic district commissions: • Certified Local Government commissions/boards (Delaware City, Lewes, Milton, New Castle County, Wilmington) • Other historic district commissions (Dover, New Castle, Odessa, and Smyrna) 35 Environmental organizations: • Statewide (Delaware Audubon Society, Delaware Museum of Natural History, and Delaware Nature Society) • Local (Woodlawn Trustees, Kent County Conservancy, and Sussex County Land Trust) Ethnic organizations: • Indo-American (Indo-American Association) • Asian American (Delaware Asian Cultural Center, the Han Lin Cultural Association) • Latin American (Latin American Community Center) • African American (Delaware State University for African-American history and preservation, and the Underground Railroad Coalition) Government: • Federal [although federal agencies staff were not contacted directly, those state and commu- nity partners who interact with them on a regular basis were invited to participate] • State ■ Office of State Planning Coordination ■ Department of Transportation (coordinates and oversees all US DOT projects and COE permits on transportation projects) ■ Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control (coordinates and oversees all NPS LWCF projects, US F&WS projects on state lands, EPA State Revolving Fund proj- ects, and DNREC-sponsored COE projects) ■ Department of Agriculture (manages the Aglands preservation program) ■ Division of Public Archives ■ Delaware Heritage Commission

■ Delaware Development Office (Delaware Main Street Program) ■ Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs (planning, museum, preservation, and history profes- sionals and the Delaware State Review Board for Historic Preservation) • Counties (chief elected officials of New Castle, Kent, and Sussex counties) • Municipalities (chief elected official in all 57 Delaware municipalities) Historic places museums: • State (HCA professional museum staff and interpreters) • Private (Greenbank Mill, Historic Odessa Foundation, Old Swedes Church, Lombardy Hall, Milford Museum, the Overalls, the Nutter Marvel Museum, Winterthur, and Hagley) • Friends groups (Friends of Belmont Hall, Friends of Canalfront Park, Friends of John Dickinson Plantation, Light Up the Queen Foundation, and Friends of Brandywine Springs) Historic Societies: • Statewide groups (Delaware Historical Society, Delaware Military Heritage Commission, Daughters of the American Revolution, and the Sons of the American Revolution, Delaware Chapter) • Town historical societies (21, including Christiana Historical Society, Middletown Historical Society, Claymont Historical Society, Historic Camden, and Laurel Historical Society) • Area and special interest historical societies (Fort Delaware Historical Society, Delaware Mennonite Historical Society, Jewish Historical Society, Kalmar Nyckel Foundation, Huguenot Society, Society for the Preservation of Delaware Antiquities, and Barratt’s Chapel Historical Society) Institutions of higher education: • University of Delaware (Department of History, Department of Geology, Center for Community Research, Hagley Graduate Program, Museum Studies Program, Center for Historic Architecture and Design, and Center for Archaeological Research) 36 • Delaware State University (Historic Preservation Program) • Wesley College (History Department) • Delaware Technical and Community College (4 campuses) Landscape Architects: • Statewide (American Society of Landscape Architects, Pennsylvania/Delaware Chapter) Legislators: • National (2 Senators and Delaware’s sole member of the House of Representatives) • State (21 Senators and 41 Members of the House of Representatives) Main Street Program: • Communities (Brandywine Village, Delaware City, Dover, Middletown, Milford, Newark, Rehoboth Beach, and Wilmington) • Commercial District Affiliates (Bridgeville, Delmar, Harrington, Laurel, Millsboro, Milton, Old New Castle, and Smyrna) Native American Organizations: • Federally-recognized tribes [there are no federally-recognized resident tribes] • State-recognized tribes (Lenape Indian Tribe of Delaware and the Nanticoke Indian Association) Neighborhood associations (in New Castle County and the City of Wilmington) Park friends groups (Friends of Glasgow Park, and Friends of Iron Hill Park) Planners: • Statewide (American Planning Association, Delaware Chapter) • Local (chief planning officials for all local governments)

Preservation Planners: • Local (New Castle County, Sussex County, and City of Wilmington; actively participating in federal project reviews in their jurisdictions) Political Organizations: • Statewide (First State Patriots, League of Women Voters, and American Association of University Women) Preservation organizations: • National (Representative from Delaware to Preservation Action’s Board of Directors and the National Trust for Historic Preservation Advisors for Delaware) • Statewide (Preservation Delaware, Inc. and the Delaware Preservation Fund) • Local (Quaker Hill Preservation Foundation, Smyrna Downtown Renaissance Association, and Historic Georgetown) Public Libraries: • Statewide (32; requested to post flyers related to public meetings and on-line survey) Realtor associations: • Statewide (Delaware Association of Realtors) • Local (New Castle County Board of Realtors, Kent County Association of Realtors, and Sussex County Association of Realtors) Senior citizens: • Statewide (Delaware Aging Network – includes locally based groups) Tourism organizations: • Statewide (Delaware Agritourism Association) 37 • Local (Southern Delaware Visitors Bureau, and Kent County Tourism)

The goal-setting working group met on April 23, 2012 at Buena Vista Conference Center. The facilitator was Andrea Kreiner of A. Kreiner Company. HCA/SHPO staff support was supplied by Joan Larrivee and Alice Guerrant. Member Title and Organization Cara Blume Archaeologist, Delaware State Review Board for Historic Preservation Bill Brockenbrough Planner, Delaware Department of Transportation Valerie Cesna Cartolano Preservation Planner, New Castle County, Department of Land Use Kevin Coyle Planner, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control Gwen Davis Deputy SHPO, Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs Terry Graham Executive Director, Preservation Delaware, Inc. Robin Krawitz Associate Professor, Delaware State University, Department of History, Political Science and Philosophy Debra Martin Preservation Planner, City of Wilmington, Department of Planning Dan Parsons Preservation Planner, Sussex County, Department of Engineering Rebecca Sheppard Assistant Director, University of Delaware, Center for Historic Architec- ture and Design 38 Janet Vinc Planner, Town of Smyrna Bonnie Voshell Planner, Kent County, Department of Planning

1 National Historic Preservation Act 2 See Preservation Directory, to be posted, http://history.delaware.gov/preservation/default.shtml 3 See http://www.preserveamerica.gov/ 4 See http://www.preservationnation.org/travel-and-sites/save-americas-treasures/ 5 See http://deldot.gov/information/community_programs_and_services/te/index.shtml 6 Historic Preservation Fund; see http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/hpg/HPF/ 7 See http://www.co.kent.de.us/Departments/Planning/HistoricPresv/index.htm 8 See http://www2.nccde.org/landuse/Planning/Historic/default.aspx 9 See http://www.udel.edu/CHAD/ 10 See http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/index.htm 11 Historic properties include buildings, structures, sites, objects, districts, and landscapes, generally more than 50 years old. The historic preservation program deals with physical remains, not commemorative locations. 12 See http://stateplanning.delaware.gov/plus/plus.shtml 13 See http://delcode.delaware.gov/title29/c091/sc01/index.shtml 14 See http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/clg/index.htm 39 15 16 See CARE Team, http://history.delaware.gov/divisions.shtml See http://www.preserveamerica.gov/ 17 See http://mainstreet.visitdelaware.com/ 18 See http://www.nps.gov/resources/person.htm?id=175 19 See http://byways.org/explore/byways/2260 20 See http://www.harriettubmandelaware.com/documents/ 21 See http://preservationde.org/ 22 See http://history.delaware.gov/preservation/taxcredit.shtml 23 See http://preservationde.org/delaware-preservation-fund/small-grants-program/ 24 See http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/OpenSpaces/Pages/OpenSpaceProgram.aspx 25 See http://dda.delaware.gov/aglands/index.shtml 26 See http://sclandtrust.org/index.htm 27 See http://delawaregreenways.org/ 28 See http://www.delawarenaturesociety.org/ 29 Prehistoric-period archaeological sites and most historic-period archaeological sites are not included in these numbers. 30 StateMaster.com, http://www.statemaster.com/state/DE-delaware/hou-housing 31 See http://chris.delaware.gov 32 See http://history.delaware.gov/pdfs/2008preservationplan.pdf

33 See http://lightupthequeen.org/ 34 See http://www.destateparks.com/park/first-state-heritage/index.asp 35 See http://nemoursmansion.org/ 36 See http://www.thegrandwilmington.org/ 37 See http://www.dehistory.org/read.htm 38 See http://history.delaware.gov/museums/default.shtml for HCA properties open as museums and http://history.delaware.gov/museums/historic_sites.shtml for other HCA historic properties 39 See http://blogs.deldot.gov/category/us301/archaeology-updates/ for on-going work; as reports are completed, they will be posted on DelDOT’s Archaeology and Historic Preservation web site, http:// www.deldot.gov/archaeology/index.shtml 40 See http://deldot.gov/information/community_programs_and_services/byways/index.shtml 41 See http://www.visitdelaware.com/delaware-history-trail/ 42 See http://overfalls.org/ 43 See http://www.cr.nps.gov/nhl/ 44 See http://www.preserveamerica.gov/communities.html 45 See http://www.sah.org/index.php?src=gendocs&ref=BUS&category=Publications 46 See http://history.blogs.delaware.gov/ 47 See http://history.delaware.gov/preservation/reviewboard.shtml See http://mainstreet.visitdelaware.com/ 40 48 49 See http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/clg/index.htm 50 See http://history.delaware.gov/preservation/surveys.shtml 51 Non-traditional partners include minorities such as Native Americans, African-Americans, Asians, Hispanics, and others; business groups such as business owners, developers, Better Business Bureaus, realtors, and lawyers; service and fraternal organizations such as the Lions Club, Odd Fellows, Women’s League, Junior League, and Association of University Women; and politicians, elected officials, and political interest groups such as the League of Women Voters 52 See http://www.delawarearchaeology.org/ 53 See http://history.delaware.gov/preservation/research/gis.shtml 54 See http://www.preservationnation.org/main-street/awards/gamsa/ 55 See http://history.delaware.gov/preservation/taxcredit.shtml 56 See http://www.destateparks.com/park/first-state-heritage/index.asp 57 See http://history.delaware.gov/preservation/research/gis.shtml 58 See http://www.visitdelaware.com/about-us/contact-us/ 59 See http://www.friendsofbellanca.org/ 60 See http://www.udel.edu/CHAD/ and http://www.desu.edu/arts-humanities-and-social-sciences/his- torical-preservation-ma 61 See http://www.delawarenaturesociety.org/dns_sites.html

Delaware Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs State Historic Preservation Office 21 The Green Dover, Delaware 19901 302-736-7400 h i s t o r y. d e l a w a r e . g o v